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====== Shard (Kinesis Data Streams) ======

**What it is:** A shard is the basic unit of capacity in a Kinesis data stream.

**What it’s for:**
  * Scale ingestion (writes) and consumption (reads).
  * Distribute streaming records across multiple shards.

**Key ideas:**
  * More shards = more throughput capacity (higher parallelism).
  * Producers write records to shards; consumers read from shards.

**Exam cues:**
  * “need higher stream throughput” → increase shard count.
  * “scale streaming capacity” → shards.

**Hard words (English + IPA + Vietnamese meaning):**
  * *shard* /ʃɑːrd/: phân mảnh (đơn vị chia tải)
  * *throughput* /ˈθruːpʊt/: thông lượng
  * *parallelism* /ˈpærəlelɪzəm/: tính song song
  * *ingestion* /ɪnˈdʒestʃən/: thu nhận dữ liệu vào