===== Phonemes =====
**What it is:** The smallest sound units that change meaning.  
**What it’s for:** Avoid misunderstandings and improve listening accuracy.  
**Example:** /b/ vs /p/: “bat” vs “pat”

===== Consonant focus (common for Vietnamese learners) =====
  * /θ/ (think) vs /t/ (tin)
  * /ð/ (this) vs /d/ (day)
  * /ʃ/ (she) vs /s/ (see)
  * /v/ (very) vs /w/ (water) (practice lip/teeth vs rounded lips)

===== Practice drill =====
  * 1) Listen → 2) Repeat → 3) Record → 4) Compare
  * Use minimal pairs (see page below).

===== Hard words (Glossary) =====
  * *phoneme* /ˈfəʊniːm/: âm vị
  * *misunderstanding* /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/: hiểu lầm
  * *accuracy* /ˈækjərəsi/: độ chính xác