What it is: Word types (noun, verb, adjective, etc.). What it’s for: Build correct sentences and understand grammar explanations. Example: “She quickly runs.” (quickly = adverb)

• Noun: person/thing/idea → “book”, “teacher”, “time”
• Verb: action/state → “go”, “know”, “like”
• Adjective: describes a noun → “big”, “beautiful”
• Adverb: describes a verb/adjective → “quickly”, “very”
• Pronoun: replaces a noun → “I”, “they”, “it”
• Preposition: relation (time/place) → “in”, “on”, “at”
• Conjunction: joins words/clauses → “and”, “but”, “because”
• Determiner: points/limits nouns → “a”, “the”, “this”, “some”
• Interjection: short emotion word → “Wow!”, “Oops!”

• “This (determiner) small (adjective) dog (noun) runs (verb) fast (adverb).”

• *adjective* /ˈædʒɪktɪv/: tính từ
• *adverb* /ˈædvɜːb/: trạng từ
• *preposition* /ˌprepəˈzɪʃən/: giới từ
• *conjunction* /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/: liên từ
• *determiner* /dɪˈtɜːmɪnə/: từ hạn định