What it is: Small words before nouns: a/an (indefinite) and the (definite). What it’s for: Show if something is new/any one vs specific/known. Example: “I bought a book. The book is interesting.”

• Use for one non-specific thing (first time).
• a + consonant sound: a car, a university (/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/)
• an + vowel sound: an apple, an hour (/aʊə/)

• Use when it’s specific/known: “the book you gave me”
• Use with unique things: the sun, the internet
• Use when both speaker and listener know: “Close the door.”

• Plural/general: “Books are useful.”
• Uncountable/general: “Water is important.”

• *article* /ˈɑːtɪkəl/: mạo từ
• *definite* /ˈdefɪnət/: xác định
• *indefinite* /ɪnˈdefɪnət/: không xác định
• *uncountable* /ʌnˈkaʊntəbl/: không đếm được