What it is: A clause is a group of words with a subject + verb. What it’s for: Make longer, more natural sentences. Example: “I know that she is busy.”

What it is: Clauses that describe a noun using who/which/that/where. What it’s for: Add detail without making many short sentences. Example: “The man who lives next door is friendly.”

• who: people → “a girl who speaks English”
• which: things → “a book which helps beginners”
• that: people/things (common) → “the movie that I like”
• where: places → “the café where we met”

• *clause* /klɔːz/: mệnh đề
• *relative* /ˈrelətɪv/: quan hệ
• *describe* /dɪˈskraɪb/: mô tả