What it is: Focus on the action/result, not the doer. What it’s for: Formal writing, news, when doer is unknown/unimportant. Example: “The cake was made (by my mom).”

• be + V3 (change “be” by tense)
• Present Simple: is/am/are + V3 → “The room is cleaned.”
• Past Simple: was/were + V3 → “The room was cleaned.”
• Present Perfect: has/have been + V3 → “The room has been cleaned.”

• Active: “Someone stole my bike.”
• Passive: “My bike was stolen.”

• *passive* /ˈpæsɪv/: bị động
• *doer* /ˈduːə/: người làm (tác nhân)
• *formal* /ˈfɔːməl/: trang trọng