What it is: Grammar for nuanced meaning, complex sentences, and formal styles. What it’s for: Speak/write precisely and understand advanced texts. Example: “If I had known, I would have acted differently.”

• Conditionals: 2 & 3 (comfortable use)
• Passive voice (multiple tenses)
• Relative clauses (defining/non-defining)
• Reported speech (statements + questions)
• Modals of deduction (must have / might have / can’t have)
• Gerunds/Infinitives patterns (stop doing vs stop to do)
• Discourse markers (however, moreover, nevertheless)

• *nuanced* /ˈnjuːɑːnst/: nhiều sắc thái
• *deduction* /dɪˈdʌkʃən/: suy luận (logic)
• *nevertheless* /ˌnevəðəˈles/: tuy nhiên (mạnh hơn)
• *discourse marker* /ˈdɪskɔːs ˈmɑːkə/: từ nối/dẫn mạch