`crypto/sha256` provides the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function.

• Generate a fixed-length digest (hash) from data.
• Verify integrity (data has not changed).
• Used in signatures, checksums, and many security protocols.

package main
 
import (
    "crypto/sha256"
    "fmt"
)
 
func main() {
    sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte("hello"))
    fmt.Printf("%x\n", sum)
}

• SHA-256 is a hash, not encryption.
• For password hashing, use `bcrypt/scrypt/argon2` (do not use plain SHA-256).

• crypto/md5
• crypto/hmac
• crypto/sha512

• digest /ˈdaɪdʒest/: bản băm (kết quả hash)
• integrity /ɪnˈteɡrɪti/: tính toàn vẹn
• encryption /ɪnˈkrɪpʃən/: mã hoá
• checksum /ˈtʃeksʌm/: mã kiểm tra