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What it is: “If” sentences to talk about results of conditions. What it’s for: Describe rules, real future, and unreal situations. Example: “If it rains, I will stay home.”

• Zero conditional (facts/rules):
  1. If + Present, Present → “If you heat ice, it melts.”
• First conditional (real future):
  1. If + Present, will + V → “If I study, I’ll pass.”
• Second conditional (unreal now):
  1. If + Past, would + V → “If I had time, I would travel.”
• Third conditional (unreal past):
  1. If + had + V3, would have + V3 → “If I had studied, I would have passed.”

• Use comma when the IF-clause comes first: “If it rains, …”
• “If I were you…” is common for advice.

• *conditional* /kənˈdɪʃənl/: câu điều kiện
• *unreal* /ʌnˈrɪəl/: không có thật (giả định)
• *clause* /klɔːz/: mệnh đề