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An HTTP server is a program (service) that:

• listens on a network address (host:port), and
• handles incoming HTTP requests, then
• sends back HTTP responses.

In Go, you commonly build HTTP servers using the standard library package `net/http`.

• Build web APIs (REST) and microservices.
• Serve web pages, JSON, files.
• Provide health checks (e.g. `/health`) for monitoring and load balancers.

1. Client (browser/app) sends an HTTP request (example: `GET /health`)
2. Server receives the request
3. Server calls a handler
4. Handler writes an HTTP response (status code + headers + body)

package main
 
import "net/http"
 
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/health", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        w.Write([]byte("ok"))
    })
 
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

• Handler: code that processes a request and writes a response.
• ResponseWriter: used to write headers/status/body.
• Request: contains method, URL, headers, body, context.
• ServeMux (router): maps URL paths to handlers.

• http.ListenAndServe
• http.Server
• http.Client
• Middleware

• server /ˈsɝːvər/: máy chủ / dịch vụ phục vụ
• service /ˈsɝːvɪs/: dịch vụ
• listen /ˈlɪsən/: lắng nghe (mở cổng nhận kết nối)
• handle /ˈhændəl/: xử lý
• request /rɪˈkwest/: yêu cầu
• response /rɪˈspɑːns/: phản hồi
• status code /ˈsteɪtəs koʊd/: mã trạng thái (200, 404, 500…)
• header /ˈhedər/: header (thông tin kèm theo)
• body /ˈbɑːdi/: nội dung
• router /ˈruːtər/: bộ định tuyến (map path → handler)
• health check /helθ tʃek/: kiểm tra tình trạng